Hummingbird Central



Spring 2021 Hummingbird Sightings and Migration Map

The Urge to Migrate

Interactive 2024 hummingbird migration and sightings map
Interactive 2023 hummingbird migration and sightings map

Many hummingbirds spend the winter in Central America or Mexico, and migrate north to their breeding grounds in the southern United States as early as February, and to areas further north later in the spring.

Hummingbirds fly by day when nectar sources such as flowers are more abundant. Flying low allows the birds to see, and stop at, food supplies along the way. They are also experts at using tail winds to help reach their destination faster and by consuming less energy and body fat.

Research indicates a hummingbird can travel as much as 23 miles in one day. However, during migration as they cross the Gulf of Mexico they may cover up to 500 miles at a time. Their average speed in direct flight is in the range of 20-30mph, and up to three times that fast during courtship dives.

During migration, a hummingbird's heart beats up to 1,260 times a minute, and its wings flap 15 to 80 times a second. To support this high energy level, a hummingbird will typically gain 25-40% of their body weight before they start migration in order to make the long trek over land, and water.

The first arrivals in spring are usually males. Some, however, do not migrate, in areas like California and the upper Pacific coast, the southern parts of the Gulf of Mexico states, and some along the southern Atlantic Ocean areas.

The Final 2021 Migration Map

We monitor the spring hummingbird migration from late-January into May of each year, with the help of our viewers as they submit their first hummingbird sightings in their areas.

Now that hummingbirds have reached their northernmost breeding grounds in the Canadian provinces, we have ended our mapping project for the year.

Shown below is our final map of hummingbird sightings in 2021 across the U.S. and Canada, as reported by our website viewers. In 2021 we received over 12,000 "first sighting reports". The map has been viewed over 12,300,000 times !

2021 Hummingbird Spring Migration Interactive Map

        Loading over 10,000 sightings ... may take a minute or so!     

Zoom / pan map for more detail, and click on icons for sighting info
Click on this icon Icon to display a listing of hummingbird sightings below to see a list of sightings for 2021

Ruby-throated    Rufous     Black-chinned     Anna's     Allen's
Costa's     Calliope     Blue-throated     Broad-billed       Broad-tailed
Buff-bellied      Rivoli's     Other/Unknown     Over Winter / Year-Round

 

 

More About the Spring Hummingbird Migration

During migration, a hummingbird's heart beats up to 1,260 times a minute, and its wings flap 15 to 80 times a second. To support this high energy level, a hummingbird will typically gain 25-40% of their body weight before they start migration in order to make the long trek over land, and water. They fly alone, often on the same path they have flown earlier in their life. Young hummingbirds must navigate without parental guidance.

Hummingbirds fly by day when nectar sources such as flowers are more abundant. Flying low allows the birds to see, and stop at, food supplies along the way. They are also experts at using tail winds to help reach their destination faster and by consuming less energy and body fat. Research indicates a hummingbird can travel as much as 23 miles in one day.

Strong cold fronts moving south over the Gulf of Mexico make flying difficult as the birds deal with headwinds and heavy rain, over long distances with no shelter. Food is non-existent over the open waters.

Read more details about hummingbird migration


The Fall Hummingbird Migration

By August and September, hummingbirds are moving south, refueling their bodies in the early morning, traveling midday, and foraging again in the late afternoon to maintain their body weight.

Ruby-throats gather in Florida, Louisiana and along the South Texas coast in September in preparation for the final push to the south, either over the Gulf of Mexico or via an overland route through Mexico. The Rufous hummingbirds head south, most via the eastern range of the Rocky Mountains. Read more about the fall migration of hummingbirds